Which is NOT a common form of security breach?

• A. Password-based attack
• B. Identity spoofing
• C. Application layer attack
• D. Parasite attack

Answer: (D)

Understanding common security breach forms helps you spot what isn’t typically found in threat models. Password-based attacks rely on weaknesses in credential protection—attackers guess or crack passwords, use credential stuffing, or reuse stolen creds to gain access. Identity spoofing involves convincing systems or people that you are someone you’re not, enabling unauthorized actions through impersonation. Application layer attacks target vulnerabilities in software itself, such as injecting malicious input or bypassing application logic to access data or functions.

A term like parasite attack isn’t part of the standard, widely used taxonomy for security breaches. It doesn’t represent a commonly recognized category in risk assessments or typical threat models, unlike the other three options. That’s why it’s considered not a common form of a breach.