Which of the following is an example of a non-functional verb that should NOT be used when constructing learning objectives?

• A. Understands
• B. Modify
• C. Applies
• D. Describes

Answer: (A)

In learning objectives, use verbs that describe observable, measurable performance. “Understands” signals a mental state rather than something you can directly observe or demonstrate, so it’s not workable for assessment. That makes it a non-functional choice for objectives. In contrast, verbs like describes, applies, and modifies describe actions learners can perform and show evidence of learning. Describing can be demonstrated through explanation or depiction of steps; applying shows transfer to a real situation; modifying involves making a change and showing the result. Because these verbs yield observable evidence that instructors can assess, they’re preferred. So the non-functional verb to avoid is the one that refers to internal comprehension rather than observable performance.